Conclusion to chapter one

Figure 1.17 - Tatiana Chis, E., (2017) Medersa Ben Youssef. Example of arabesque, Arabic calligraphy and geometry.

Having looked at the different types of Islamic art in this chapter, I have realized that there are some common decorative aspects which I have identified as arabesque, Arabic calligraphy, and geometry, examples of which can be seen in figure 1.17.

• Arabesque is described as the geometrical art of interlocking polygons and circular shapes to create a pattern that, in most cases, seem to have no distinct beginning or end. These patterns are generally symmetrically repetitive in some way.
• Arabic calligraphy is described as the art of writing Arabic script beautifully. It also falls into the category of arabesque because of it's flowy and intertwining nature.
• Geometry in Islamic art is described as the repetition of shapes in 4, 5 or 6 fold symmetry, to create intricate patterns that include a variety of tessellation. A great example is seen in Zillij (Moroccan tiles) or in the bottom half of figure 1.17.

Contrary to my initial beliefs, these three forms of art are more than just forms of decoration, they exist as a form of spiritual mediation. They are a means of communicating praise to Allah (God) (Papadopoulo, A., 1979:24).

Of the many topics mentioned in this chapter, I have chosen a few to focus on. The topics are architecture, calligraphy, ceramics, and geometry.